Electrical wave filter



July 26, 1927.

G. C. REIER ELECTRICAL WAVE FILTER vFilm1 sept. 8.

1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Munn 2 nu Z/a v A" A lv Av .I I I 1. A n A nu Av v v v v v 1 INVENTOB G. 6'. l? f BY ove/ ATTORNEY July 26, 1927.

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Frequenz/ y v G. C. REIER ELECTRICAL WAVE FILTER Filed sep. e. 1921 Haque/mcg 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 @que/zeg WWW INVENTOR 6'. (l eer BY ATTORNEY Patented July 26,1927.

UNITED STATES linsana PATENT OFFICE.

.GEORGE C. REIEB, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSGNOB TO AMERICAN TELEPHONE .AND `TELEGRAPE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW "YORK ELECTRICAL WAVE FILTER.

Application led September 8, 1921. Serial No. 499,190.

The principal object of my invention is to rovide a new and improved wave lilter havlng certaindesirable operating characteristics. Another object of my invention is to provide a modification of a simple hi h-pass or low-pass wave lilter that shall s arpen the cut-oi between the free transmittin and attenuating ranges. Other objects o my invention will become apparent on considera.

tion of the following specification in which I have s eciically disclosed two embodiments with t e understanding that the scope of the invention is defined in the appended claims. I now proceed to a specific description of the 16 fexamples of my invention which I have chosen to illustrate in the drawings.

Figure 1 is a diagram showing a wave filter of general type; Fig. 2 is a diagram corresponding to Fig. 1 and having certain modifications to facilitate explanation; Fig. 3 is a diagram of a simple high-pass wave `filter having appropriate terminal networks; Fig. 4 is a detailed modification of Fig 3 to facilitate explanation; Fig. 5 is a diagram of a high-pass wave lterof a different type from that shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a-modijied high-pass wave filter embodying m invention; Fig'5 7 lisv a diagram correspon ing to, Fig. 6 ut with certain impedance elements consolidated; Fig. 8 is a diagram of a simplello'wpass wave filter with appro riate terminal networks; Fig. 9 shows a mo iiication of de- `tail in Fig. 8 to facilitate explanation; Fig.

36 10 is a diagram of another type of low- `ass wave filter from that shownfin Fig. 8; ig. 11 shows a moded low-pass waveilter embodying the im rovement of my invention; Fig. 12 shows t e same with certain impedance elements consolidated; and Figrs. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 are attenuationequency characteristics for the filters of Figs. 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 12 respectively.

In presenting the theory of wave filters, it is customary irst to consider a network like that shownl in Fig. 1 with series imancesz1 and shunt 'impedances z2 repeated indefinitely, or, in other words, extending to infinity. AIt is assumed that these impedances a, and z2 are pure reactances, for the reason that the dissipation losses are so small they may be neglected with approximate accuracy for many purposes. inc e an 1mpedance' element such as .g2 1s equivalent to two impedances, each 2z2 1n parallel, 1t will ture,

from equation 1 that be evident that Fig. 2 can be substituted for Fi 1. Since the structure extends to ininlty, the impedance across the points 1 and 2, looking to the right, will be the same as across the points 3 and 4, looking to the right. -60

'This is the mid-shunt iterative impedance and will be designated Zmsh. Accordingly, we have the admittance equation i l' l 2Z2+Zmlh The solution of this equation is Z ZLL- "h Jaan-i2? Fig. 3 shows a known high-pass wave filter of simple type having appropriate terminal networks. This is a finite strucand the terminal networks may be looked upon as taking the place of the infinite extension of the filter shown in Fig. 1. It will be seen that the series impedances are given by the reactance of the condensers C0, and the shunt impedances are given by the reactances of the inductance coils L0. Evidently the modification shown in Fig. 4 is equivalent to Fig. 3, having each inductance Lo substituted by two inductances in parallel each 2L0.

The critical or cut-olf frequencies of a filter are known to be given by the equations and filter of Fig. 3, whic 1s i For the filter of Fig. 3, it is readily sho Zmcf" JLooo(4,d)a 1 (5) which expresses Zmhfas a function of theV variable frequency f. Equations and 5 may be looked upon as the design equations for the simple 'gh-pass filter of Fig. 3; having given the desire-d mid-shunt charfacteristic impedance at a particular fref quency f, and the desired critical fre uency I will now show how the characteristic:

shown in Fig. 13 can be made steeper, in

i other words, how the cut-off can be made sharper in the filter. o

Consider the high-pass filter shown 1n Flg. 5. From physical considerations it is at once apparent that it will have an infinite attenuation at the resonance frequency f for each series loop L10I. Hence Expressing the critical or 'cut-off ,fre

-quency for the filter of Fig. 5 bymeans of equation 2 and making fh the same as for Fig. 3 and equation 4, we get the condition- Making the mid-shunt characteristic impedances the same for Figs. 5 and 3 by means of equations 1 and 5, we get another condition, viz.,

Loox L200 (9) which is independent of fre uency and involves the circumstance that t e impedances are equal for any particular frequency over the whole frequency ran e.

The three equations 8 and 9 serve to determine the three quantities L1, C1 and L, in terms of h and f', and enable us to make the :filters o Fi s. 5 and 3 alike with respect to their cut-o frequency and their mid shunt characteristic impedance, leaving us free to determine the parameter .f as we please. Accordingly, we set this at a value a little less than fh and get an attenuation characteristic for Fig. 5 such as shown in Fig. 14.

Fig. 6 is like Fig. 3 except that I have replaced one section of Fig. 3 between midshunt oints by a section of Fig. 5. Thus .I combine the advantages of the characterisvtics in Figs. 13 and 14 and get the character- .istic shown in Fig. 15 for thefilter of Fig. 6.

This modification of Fig. 3 evidently involves no change in the critical frequency can be replaced a in Fi 9 with like im-y pedance effect by two con ensers in parallel, each of capacity Formula 1 can now be applied to compute the midshunt characteristic impedance, and formula 2 to com ute the critical frequency. In this case the fli'equency corresponding to equation 3 is at zero.

Considering the low-pass filter shown in Fig. 10.- F rom physical consideration itis seen that it has infinite attenuationl at theresonance frequency for each series loop comprising the elements C1 and L1. Call this requency of infinite attenuation f, and we have the equation By means of equations 1 and 2,-two other conditions can be imposed on L1 and -C1 and ,Cz by making the mid-shuntc aracteristic impedance the same, and makin thetcritica] frequency f1 the same, as for the simple low-pass filter of Fig. 8. This leaves us free to assign any value we lease to f, and we make ita little higher t an the critical :Erequency f1. Fig. 16 shows the attenuation characteristic for the filter of Fig. 8, and Fig. 17 v for the filter of Fig. 10.' These characteristics are determined as graphs of the relation-of a and f in equation 6. For the composite filter of'Figs. 11 and 12, the attenuation characteristic is shown inFig. 18. This composite filter has the same cut- 0H frequency as the simple filter of Fig. 9,

the same mid-shunt characteristic impedance, and nofrefiection effects are introduced by the composite structure. Fig. 18 compared with Fi 16 shows howy it gives a sharper cut-off get and attenuating ranges. 1

By my invention, it becomes possible to improve the attenuation characteristic of a highass or low-pass filter by a simple modi cation of structure so as to sharpen the cut-ofi' without altering the filter from an impedance standpoint.

I claim:

1. A wave filter of the type having recurrentsections, said sectionsbeing of at least two different kinds such that a wave filter made up entirely of one kind of these sections vwill have a different attenuation frequency characteristic as compared with a Ween the free transmittingv by a section of different type, saidsection of 10 different type being such that a filter with all its sectlons of that type will have infinite attenuation at a frequency near the frequenc of said cut-off, whereby the attenuation c aracteristic of the resultant filter as a 15 gvhole is made steeper near its critical freuenc 3. wave filter having sections of different attenuation frequency characteristics but the same cut-olf frequency, one section giv- 20 ing high attenuationover one frequency range and another section over another frequenc range, whereby the composite filter gives igh attenuation over both ranges, all such sections attenuating on the same side 26 of said cut-off frequency and'transmitting freely on the other side.

fre-

4. A wave filter of the type having recurrent sections, having its cut-off sharpened bythe introduction of a section havlng a loop as series impedance element, said loop being anti-resonant at a frequency near the cut-off frequenc in the attenuating range).l 5. A wavefivlter having a single 'te critical frequency and comprising two types of sections, one type of section being such that a filter having all its sections of that type gives high attenuation at a frequency remote from the critical frequency, and anothelr t of section'bein such that a filter wit a GEORGE C. REIEn its sections of t t type will give l high attenuation at a point near the critical 

